José Bohr (Yosep Böhr) was born in Germany in 1901, and grew up in Punta Arenas, Chile. He moved to Argentina in mid-1921, with the intention to make a name in cinema, and when Federico Valle made the movie Patagonia, Bohr came up with the idea to write a shimmy to promote it. He wrote it under the pseudonym Francois Poil. The orchestra of Roberto Firpo recorded it for Odeon in early 1923, propelling Bohr into a music career. Fortune was on Bohr's side, or rather on side A of this record, which carried the very popular Tango Buenos Aires.
Bohr played the piano a little, he sang even less. Reading his memoirs, "From the Balcony of My Life", it's evident that what he lacked in talent, he made up with ambition, enthusiasm, and self-confidence. He was also preternaturally media-savvy. In 1923 he got a job as a piano salesman for Casa Castiglioni, where he discovered by accident the possibilities of the saw as a musical instrument, and this brought him to the attention of yet another Odeon act, Francisco Canaro. Canaro lead the orchestra while Bohr played the saw in a somewhat bizarre composition by Bohr entitled Tut-Ankh-Amon. Bohr subtitled the piece "Paso del Camello" (Camel Step), a throwback to the days when animals inspired new dance steps, and also a hint that Bohr was much aware of what was going on in North America, where a similar dance was a fad for a very short time that year.
The stunt was very successful, and Bohr became famous overnight. In 1924 and 1925 he was, in his words, "Buenos Aires's pampered kid", to the chagrin of musicians like Julio de Caro and Agustín Magaldi, who openly expressed reservations about his talent. Bohr composed a handful of Tangos, and also some fox-trots and shimmies for the Canaro Jazz Band (many adapted from American composers). With a young Lucio Demare he co-authored Melodía de amor. Demare, in turn, dedicated the shimmy Mister Bohr.
One day, while playing his Tango Cascabelito on the piano and on live radio, Bohr anxiously waited for Juan Andrés Caruso to bring the new lyrics. When Caruso finally showed up, Bohr read the lyrics while still playing the piano, and this launched his new fame in the "spoken singing" style. Bohr's vocal range surely was limited, nevertheless he landed a singing career of sorts. Canaro and Odeon labeled his records as interpreted by a “Cómico a dicción” (talking comedian). In 1924 Odeon segregated Bohr’s records into a separate series 16xxx. Many of these recordings were issued as instrumentals by the Canaro Jazz Band first, and Bohr and others wrote the lyrics later. Some these numbers became very popular in their own right, like the fox trot Oh Paris!, composed by Bohr and also recorded by Carlos Gardel. In 1924 Gardel also recorded Cascabelito, arguably Bohr's most memorable composition.
Soon after Bohr starred in a revue at the Teatro Porteño entitled Del Puente Alsina a Montmartre. But Bohr never let go his passion for the camera, he really wanted to make movies. Since April 1925 Canaro was making headlines in Paris, and Bohr decided to go to New York to try his luck. Before he traveled he took care of some business: first he became an Argentine citizen; and second, he won a lawsuit against one Antonio Panigali for a violation of his trademark name, though the sentence did not cover his use of "Mister Bohr", as this was too generic. "Che Bohr" arrived in New York on the American Legion on October 12. He stayed at the Hotel Astor in Times Square.
Eva got a glowing review in The New York Times, which praised her Debussy in particular, but there was nothing on the Spanish-language newspaper La Prensa. Ironically Bohr did get a front page headline on La Prensa on October 31. According to Bohr, Francisco Ortega, his friend and the editor of the magazine Cine Mundial, published a headline announcing the arrival of "The King of Tango". Maybe his memory was failing when he wrote this, the fact is Cine Mundial did feature Bohr on the January 1926 issue (page 16).
The New York Spanish entertainment scene that Bohr encountered that October was relatively slow, the busy Fall season was barely revving up. In July Vaudeville impresario Edward F. Albee had brought soprano Margarita Cueto and baritone Rodolfo Hoyos, from the Mexican National Theater, to tour on the Keith-Albee circuit. Though neither Hoyos nor Cueto sang Tangos, they ended up in New York where they became an integral part of the Spanish theater scene for the rest of the decade. Both sang at the Hippodrome in October, and signed contracts to record for Victor.
Juan Pulido was in town too, active in various stages, including a concert at the Unión Benéfica to celebrate Columbus Day (Día de la Raza). Meanwhile, O'Hanlon and Zambuni were back from Europe with their Argentine players sans Alberto Infantas, performing at B. F. Keith's Palace theater in Times Square. And on October 25, the Daly's Theater presented Esteban Palos' production of José Zorrilla's Don Juan Tenorio, as it was customary for Spaniards to stage this classic play every year around All Saints' Day.
In his memoirs Bohr claimed that around this time he met Rudolph Valentino, and played his Tango Medias de seda for the star. Incidentally, Canaro's orchestra had recently recorded this Tango. Bohr said that Valentino did not dance "the real Argentine Tango", and that he lamented not having real Argentine musicians around, a similar anecdote to the one Enrique Cadícamo told about Juan Carlos Cobián. Regardless of the veracity of this story, the meeting must have occurred between November 7, when Valentino arrived in New York from Los Angeles, and November 14 when Valentino sailed for Europe in the company of his friend Manuel Reachi. Valentino had just finished filming The Eagle, his new movie for United Artists, and was not filming in New York as Bohr claimed. Valentino went to France, among others, to finalize his divorce from Natacha Rambova.
The mercurial Mister Bohr surely was looking for opportunities, he even tried dancing. On November 17 he sang on WMCA though it's hard to imagine what his singing was like at this point. His turn on radio came right after the South American Troubadours, a band of dubious origin that traveled the Vaudeville circuits with dancers Fowler and Tamara. The WMCA studios were located in the Hotel McAlpin on 34th Street, and Juan Carlos Cobián played the piano there in 1924, but there is no evidence of any contact between Cobián and Bohr, or any relation between Cobián and the Troubadours. Bohr played on WMCA through December 16.
We speculate that Bohr met Spanish tenor and actor Martín Garralaga in New York in this trip. Garralaga's last name was sometimes misspelled in print ads as "Galarraga". In his memoir Bohr also mentioned seeing Al Jolson's show Big Boy several times, he loved it and improved his English by watching it and singing the lyrics. Big Boy played at the Shubert's 44th Street Theater, across the street from the Hotel Astor, and closed on December 6.
On December 6 Pilar Arcos and Fortunio Bonanova premiered the zarzuela La Canción del Olvido at the Daly's Theater. The Arcos-Bonanova company would soon emerge as the top New York-based Spanish theater act for the busy Fall-Winter season. José Moriche was in the cast that night. The next week they presented Amadeo Vives' Maruxa at the Daly's too.
Pulido also recorded for Victor, including another version of Lecuona's Es un golfo, which was a very popular tune that season, with recordings by Bonanova on Okeh, and the Alonzo Orchestra and Mariano Meléndez (with the Castillians) on Brunswick. Yet another mysterious outfit, the Justiniano Typical Argentine Orchestra, recorded Es un golfo (The fool) for Okeh that fall, but we have no information at all about that band other than the listings on the American Discography of Historical Recordings. And the Uruguayan musician Hugo Mariani, in New York since late 1920, also recorded Es un golfo for Gennett Records. In November, Mariani had recorded Bohr's fox trot Pero hay una melena, an indication of Bohr's efforts to establish contacts in town with musicians and studios.
Finally, the International Novelty Orchestra (Orquesta Internacional), one of the many Victor studio ensembles, recorded the fox trot Oh Paris!, yet another indication that Bohr was trying to land a contract somewhere. The performance was directed from the celesta by Leroy Shield, and the evidence suggests that he became Bohr's main contact in the Victor company.
Cuban pianist Nilo Menéndez Barnet was in the Columbia studios that season too, he also recorded Bohr's compositions, as well as a handful of Canaro's hits from the previous year, evidence that Bohr traveled with sheets and became close with Menéndez. Menéndez was in New York since 1924, and had played on radio with Pulido. He recorded for Columbia since September 1925 and helped popularize Cuban rhythms like the Son and the Danzón.
The genesis of Eva Bohr's Típica is apparent in the recordings of the Orquesta Típica "Nilo", specially in the matrices of the series 950xx. When Columbia's subsidiary in Spain, Regal, re-issued these matrices, they credited Eva on some labels. It's unlikely that the Bohrs had any direct involvement with these recordings, they did not have an orchestra of their own at the time. Alas, we think the Regal labels are not just mistaken, they are signs of "the Bohrs in the studio". The presence of winds in the orchestra, and a look at the Columbia matrix listings confirm that this was Menéndez's ensemble. These matrices include Castillo's Organito de la tarde (95041), Pettorossi's Galleguita (95055), Filiberto's Amigaso (95056) and Bohr's own Medias de seda (95066). Researcher Dick Spottswood dates these recordings on March 1926, but we think they may have been recorded a tad earlier in January 1926.
Eva and José Bohr left for Buenos Aires on the Southern Cross on January 30, 1926, and arrived there on February 14. They had a complicated relationship, in his memoirs Bohr wrote that he was panned by his friends for visiting New York and coming back home with "yet another Argentine broad". Nevertheless Cine Mundial reported on their marriage and return to Buenos Aires in glowing terms. Juan Miguel Velich and Aurelio Rovelli dedicated a shimmy to him.
Notes
2. Bohr was also boastful, and prodigious at name-dropping. There are many anecdotes in his memoirs that are impossible to verify (e.g. meeting Mistinguett in Buenos Aires in 1923), however the Valentino story is almost certainly fiction. And he forgot to mention that the great Russian pianist Alexander Brailowsky was on the American Legion too. Brailowsky toured the world in 1925 in a legendary series of concerts where he played all the compositions by Frederic Chopin. On October 18 he played in Carnegie Hall.
Acknowledgements
1. Leonardo Palludi for the extraordinary Regal records
Sudamericana/Planeta S.A., Buenos Aires, 1987
Universidad de Guadalajara, México, 1992
